Depression is a condition associated with sad mood and/or loss of interest in pleasurable activities that used to be pleasurable. Someone who is depressed can have difficulty initiating tasks, may experience loss of appetite or overeating, and even suicidal behavior. Someone with depression may feel sad, empty, hopeless, helpless, guilty, or restless regardless of their life circumstances.

People with anxiety disorders frequently have intense, excessive and persistent worry and fear about everyday situations. Often, anxiety disorders involve repeated episodes of sudden feelings of intense anxiety and fear or terror that reach a peak within minutes (panic attacks).

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is a condition in which someone has uncontrollable, excessive thoughts (obsessions) that can lead to repetitive behaviors (compulsions). Someone who is diagnosed with OCD may find themselves in a cycle of repeating certain behaviors to neutralize the obsessive thoughts. This can be time consuming, and may interfere with a person’s daily life.

Sleep disorders (or sleep-wake disorders) involve problems with the quality, timing, and amount of sleep, which result in daytime distress and impairment in functioning.  There are several different types of sleep-wake disorders, of which insomnia is the most common. Other sleep-wake disorders include obstructive sleep apnea, parasomnias, narcolepsy, and restless leg syndrome.

Stroke can have long-term effects on the brain. It can cause impairments in memory and language, and difficulty with everyday tasks. After a stroke, the brain must relearn how to function and this process can take time. Rehabilitation therapies are used to help the patient relearn skills and adapt to their new life. Understanding the after effects of stroke is important for helping patients recover and adjust to their new lives.